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A Rare Case of good and intelligent man within the Istitutionalized Religion
George Berkeley
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For the second husband of Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, see George Berkeley (MP).
See also: George Berkley
George Berkeley
Western Philosophy18th century philosophy
Full name
George Berkeley
Birth
12 March 1685
Death
14 January 1753
School/tradition
Idealism, Empiricism
Main interests
Metaphysics, Epistemology, Language, Mathematics, Perception
Notable ideas
Subjective Idealism, The Master Argument
Influenced by[show]
John Locke, Isaac Newton
Influenced[show]
David Hume, Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, A.J. Ayer, Jorge Luis Borges
George Berkeley (pronounced /ˈbɑrkli/) (12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753), also known as Bishop Berkeley, was an Irish philosopher. His primary philosophical achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). This theory, summed up in his dictum, "Esse est percipi" ("To be is to be perceived"), contends that individuals can only directly know sensations and ideas of objects, not abstractions such as "matter." His most widely-read works are A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) and Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713), in which the characters Philonous and Hylas represent Berkeley himself and his contemporary John Locke. In 1734, he published The Analyst, a critique of the foundations of infinitesimal calculus, which was influential in the development of mathematics.
Contents[hide]
1 Life
2 Contributions to philosophy
3 The Analyst controversy
4 Commemoration
5 Bibliography
6 See also
7 References
7.1 Primary
7.2 Secondary
8 External links
//
[edit] Life
Berkeley was born at his family home, Dysart Castle, near Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland, the eldest son of William Berkeley, a cadet of the noble family of Berkeley. He was educated at Kilkenny College and attended Trinity College, Dublin, completing a Master's degree in 1707. He remained at Trinity College after completion of his degree as a tutor and Greek lecturer.
His earliest publication was a mathematical one but the first which brought him into notice was his Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, first published in 1709. In the essay, Berkeley examined visual distance, magnitude, position and problems of sight and touch. Though giving rise to much controversy at the time, its conclusions are now accepted as an established part of the theory of optics.
The next publication to appear was the Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge in 1710, which was followed in 1713 by Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, in which he propounded his system of philosophy, the leading principle of which is that the world as represented to our senses depends for its existence, as such, on being perceived.
Of this theory, the Principles gives the exposition and the Dialogues the defence. One of his main objects was to combat the prevailing materialism of the time. The theory was largely received with ridicule; while even those, such as Samuel Clarke and William Whiston, who did acknowledge his "extraordinary genius," were nevertheless convinced that his first principles were false.
Shortly afterwards, Berkeley visited England, and was received into the circle of Addison, Pope and Steele. In the period between 1714 and 1720, he interspersed his academic endeavours with periods of extensive travel in Europe, including one of the most extensive Grand Tours of the length and breadth of Italy ever undertaken. In 1721, he took Holy Orders in the Church of Ireland, earning his doctorate in divinity, and once again chose to remain at Trinity College Dublin, lecturing this time in Divinity and in Hebrew. In 1724, he was made Dean of Derry.
In 1725, he formed the project of founding a college in Bermuda for training ministers for the colonies, and missionaries to the Indians, in pursuit of which he gave up his deanery with its income of £1100.
In 1728, he married Anne Forster, daughter of the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. He then went to America on a salary of £100. He landed near Newport, Rhode Island, where he bought a plantation – the famous "Whitehall." He lived at the plantation while he waited for funds for his college to arrive. The funds, however, were not forthcoming and in 1732 he returned to London. While living on London's Saville Street, he took part in the efforts to create a home for the city's abandoned children. The Foundling Hospital was founded by Royal Charter in 1739 and Berkeley is listed as one of its original governors. In 1734, he was appointed Bishop of Cloyne in Ireland. Soon afterwards, he published Alciphron, or The Minute Philosopher, directed against both Shaftesbury and Bernard de Mandeville; and in 1735–37 The Querist.
His last two publications were Siris: Philosophical reflexions and inquiries concerning the virtues of tar-water, and divers other subjects connected together and arising from one another (1744) and Further Thoughts on Tar-water (1752). Pine tar is an effective antiseptic and disinfectant when applied to cuts on the skin, but Berkeley argued for the use of pine tar as a broad panacea for disease in general. It is said that his 1744 book on the medical benefits of pine tar was his best-selling book in his lifetime.[1]
He remained at Cloyne until 1752, when he retired and went to Oxford to live with his son. He died soon afterward and was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. His affectionate disposition and genial manners made him much loved and held in warm regard by many of his contemporaries.
[edit] Contributions to philosophy
As a young man, Berkeley theorized that individuals cannot know if an object is; they can only know if an object is perceived by a mind. He stated that individuals cannot think or talk about an object's being, but rather think or talk about an object's being perceived by someone. That is, individuals cannot know any "real" object or matter "behind" the object as they perceive it, which "causes" their perceptions. He thus concluded that all that individuals know about an object is their perception of it.
Under his theory, the object a person perceives is the only object that the person knows and experiences. If individuals need to speak at all of the "real" or "material" object, the latter in particular being a confused term that Berkeley sought to dispose of, it is this perceived object to which all such names should exclusively refer.
This raises the question whether this perceived object is "objective" in the sense of being "the same" for fellow humans. In fact, is the concept of "other" human beings, beyond an individual's perception of them, valid? Berkeley argued that since an individual experiences other humans in the way they speak to him —something which is not originating from any activity of his own —and since he learns that their view of the world is consistent with his, he can believe in their existence and in the world being identical or similar for everyone.
It follows that:
Any knowledge of the world is to be obtained only through direct perception.
Error comes about through thinking about what individuals perceive.
Knowledge of the world of people, things and actions around them may be purified and perfected merely by stripping away all thought, and with it language, from their pure perceptions.
From this it follows that:
The ideal form of scientific knowledge is to be obtained by pursuing pure de-intellectualized perceptions.
If individuals would pursue these, we would be able to obtain the deepest insights into the natural world and the world of human thought and action that is available to man.
The goal of all science, therefore, is to de-intellectualize or de-conceptualize, and thereby purify, human perceptions.
Theologically, one consequence of Berkeley's views is that they require God to be present as an immediate cause of all our experiences. God is not the distant engineer of Newtonian machinery that in the fullness of time led to the growth of a tree in the university quadrangle. Rather, my perception of the tree is an idea that God's mind has produced in mine, and the tree continues to exist in the quadrangle when "nobody" is there, simply because God is an infinite mind that perceives all.
The philosophy of David Hume concerning causality and objectivity is an elaboration of another aspect of Berkeley's philosophy. As Berkeley's thought progressed, his works took on a more Platonic character: Siris, in particular, displays an interest in highly abstruse and speculative metaphysics which is not to be found in the earlier works. However, A.A. Luce, the most eminent Berkeley scholar of the twentieth century, constantly stressed the continuity of Berkeley's philosophy. The fact that Berkeley returned to his major works throughout his life, issuing revised editions with only minor changes, also counts against any theory that attributes to him a significant volte-face.
Over a century later Berkeley's thought experiment was summarized in a limerick by Ronald Knox and an anonymous reply:
There was a young man who said "God
Must find it exceedingly odd
To think that the tree
Should continue to be
When there's no one about in the quad."
"Dear Sir: Your astonishment's odd;
I am always about in the quad.
And that's why the tree
Will continue to be
Since observed by, Yours faithfully, God."
In reference to Berkeley's philosophy, Dr. Samuel Johnson kicked a heavy stone and exclaimed, "I refute it thus!" A philosophical empiricist might reply that the only thing that Dr. Johnson knew about the stone was what he saw with his eyes, felt with his foot, and heard with his ears. That is, the existence of the stone consisted exclusively of Dr. Johnson's perceptions. It might be possible that Dr. Johnson had actually kicked an unusually grey tree stump, or perhaps that a sudden attack of arthritis had flared up just when he was about to kick a random patch of grass with a painting of a rock. Whatever the stone really was, apart from the sensations that he felt and the ideas or mental pictures that he perceived, was completely unknown to him. The kicked stone existed, ultimately, as an idea in his mind, nothing more and nothing less.
John Locke (Berkeley's predecessor) states that we define an object by its primary and secondary qualities. He takes heat as an example of a secondary quality. If you put one hand in a bucket of cold water, and the other hand in a bucket of warm water, then put both hands in a bucket of lukewarm water, one of your hands is going to tell you that the water is cold and the other that the water is hot. Locke says that since two different objects (both your hands) perceive the water to be hot and cold, then the heat is not a quality of the water.
While Locke used this argument to distinguish primary from secondary qualities, Berkeley extends it to cover primary qualities in the same way. For example, he says that size is not a quality of an object because the size of the object depends on the distance between the observer and the object, or the size of observer. Since an object is a different size to different observers, then size is not a quality of the object. Berkeley refutes shape with a similar argument and then asks: if neither primary qualities nor secondary qualities are of the object, then how can we say that there is anything more than the qualities we observe?
Berkeley's Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge was published three years before the publication of Arthur Collier's Clavis Universalis, which made assertions similar to those of Berkeley's. However, there seemed to have been no influence or communication between the two writers.
German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer once wrote of him: "Berkeley was, therefore, the first to treat the subjective starting-point really seriously and to demonstrate irrefutably its absolute necessity. He is the father of idealism…"[2].
[edit] The Analyst controversy
In addition to his contributions to philosophy, Bishop Berkeley was also very influential in the development of mathematics, although in a rather indirect sense. In 1734, he published The Analyst, subtitled A DISCOURSE Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician. The infidel mathematician in question is believed to have been either Edmond Halley, or Isaac Newton himself, although if to the latter, the discourse would then have been posthumously addressed, as Newton died in 1727. The Analyst represented a direct attack on the foundations and principles of calculus and, in particular, the notion of fluxion or infinitesimal change, which Newton and Leibniz had used to develop the calculus.
Berkeley regarded his criticism of calculus as part of his broader campaign against the religious implications of Newtonian mechanics – as a defence of traditional Christianity against deism, which tends to distance God from His worshippers.
As a consequence of the resulting controversy, the foundations of calculus were rewritten in a much more formal and rigorous form using limits. It was not until 1966, with the publication of Abraham Robinson's book Non-standard Analysis, that the concept of the infinitesimal was made rigorous, thus giving an alternative way of overcoming the difficulties that Berkeley discovered in Newton's original approach.
[edit] Commemoration
Berkeley's influence is reflected in the institutions of education named in his honour. Both University of California, Berkeley, and the city that grew up around the university, were named after him, although the pronunciation has evolved to suit American English--(pronounced /bûrkli/ like Burke-Lee). The naming was suggested in 1866 by a trustee of the then College of California, Frederick Billings. Billings was inspired by Berkeley's Verses on the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America, particularly the final stanza: "Westward the course of empire takes its way; The first four Acts already past, A fifth shall close the Drama with the day; Time's noblest offspring is the last." A residential college in Yale University also bears Berkeley's name, as does the Berkeley Library at Trinity College, Dublin.
[edit] Bibliography
Philosophical Commentaries (1707–08, notebooks)
An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision (1709)
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, Part I (1710)
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)
De Motu (1721)
Alciphron: or the Minute Philosopher (1732)
The Theory of Vision or Visual Language … Vindicated and Explained (1733)
The Analyst (1734)
The Querist (1735–37)
Siris (1744)
[edit] See also
Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
List of people on stamps of Ireland
Yogacara and Consciousness-only schools
[edit] References
^ See [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/berkeley/]
^ Parerga and Paralipomena, Vol. I, "Fragments for the History of Philosophy," § 12
[edit] Primary
Ewald, William B., ed., 1996. From Kant to Hilbert: A Source Book in the Foundations of Mathematics, 2 vols. Oxford Uni. Press.
1707. Of Infinites, 16–19.
1709. Letter to Samuel Molyneaux, 19–21.
1721. De Motu, 37–54.
1734. The Analyst, 60–92.
[edit] Secondary
This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J. M. Dent & sons; New York, E. P. Dutton.
R.H. Nichols and F A. Wray (1935). The History of the Foundling Hospital. London: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 349.
John Daniel Wild (1962). George Berkeley: a study of his life and philosophy. New York: Russell & Russell.
Edward Chaney (2000), 'George Berkeley's Grand Tours: The Immaterialist as Connoisseur of Art and Architecture', in E. Chaney, The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance, 2nd ed. London, Routledge.
[edit] External links
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
George Berkeley
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: George Berkeley
George Berkeley entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Lisa Downing
A list of the published works by and about Berkeley as well as online links
Berkeley's Life and Works
Works by George Berkeley at Project Gutenberg
Page in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Another perspective on how Berkeley framed his immaterialism
Original texts and discussion concerning The Analyst controversy
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "George Berkeley", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
A bibliography on George Berkeley
More easily readable versions of Principles of Human Knowledge, Three Dialogues, and Alciphron
An extensive compendium of online resources, including a gallery of Berkeley's images
A version of Berkeley's PHK condensed and rewritten for faster reading.
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Persondata
NAME
Berkeley, George
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Bishop Berkeley
SHORT DESCRIPTION
philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH
12 March 1685
PLACE OF BIRTH
County Kilkenny
DATE OF DEATH
14 January 1753
PLACE OF DEATH
Oxford
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Berkeley"
Categories: 18th century philosophers Anglican philosophers British philosophers Christian philosophers Early modern philosophers Empiricists Enlightenment philosophers Irish Anglicans Idealists Irish natural philosophers Irish philosophers Irish spiritual writers Anglican bishops of Cloyne People associated with Trinity College, Dublin 1685 births 1753 deaths Burials at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford Philosophers from County Kilkenny
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l'uccellino
Il mattino era calmo. Il cielo era terso. Solo qualche nuvola qua e la arredava l'orizzonte. L'uccellino volava leggero volteggiando come un'acrobata su e giù tra le correnti ascensionali e i vuoti d'aria; per poi lasciarsi cadere in picchiata e con una virata decisa ma delicata, riprendere quota sempre più su. Respirava l'aria dell'immensità e della libertà. Si sentiva libero ed era libero. La terra sfiorava appena, sulle fronde degli alberi riposava le sue stanchezze; nei campi colmi di spighe di grano, soddisfava la sua fame, e nel fresco ruscello placava la sete.
"Non posso chiedere di più dalla vita" pensò tra se e se "faccio ciò che voglio, il sole mi riscalda, la pioggia lava le mie piume, il vento le asciuga..". Mentre il tramonto faceva capolino dietro la collina, quasi accarezzandola, vide un nido vuoto e vi si posò. Accovacciato dentro, guardava il cielo addormentarsi. Godeva di tanta bellezza come un pittore davanti al suo capolavoro. Si sopì in breve tempo. Il mattino seguente di buon'ora, dopo una breve ma efficace toilette al piumaggio, partì. Lo aspettava un lungo viaggio migratorio verso il caldo sud. La fresca brezza mattutina lo avvolgeva come un mantello, le prime nuvole cominciavano a coprire l'orizzonte. Era la stagione delle piogge ed era facile trovarsi nel bel mezzo di un temporale. Infatti...i primi scrosci di pioggia scendevano copiosi, il cielo era d'un nero denso, cosa che non lasciava presagire nulla di buono "speriamo di uscirne al più presto" pensò preoccupato l'uccellino mentre batteva a più non posso le sue piccole ali. Ma la pioggia diventò sempre più insistente e violenta; doveva trovare un riparo sicuro. Notò il davanzale di una finestra abbastanza riparata, scese dal volo e vi si posò nel suo interno. Stranamente la finestra era socchiusa "non ci sarà nessuno nella stanza" pensò " altrimenti avrebbero chiuso..con questo temporale.." affacciò il becco nella stanza e vide una bimba che piangeva accanto ad una gabbia stranamente vuota. La curiosità fu sua padrona; si avvicinò cautamente alla piccola e la guardò...vide i suoi occhioni azzurri gonfi di lacrime. "Che può essere successo di così terribile?" si chiese, mentre lo sguardo cadde sulla gabbia vuota. Era ampia, ben curata, con trespoli e mangiare a volontà..non capì il senso di tutto ciò. Ad un tratto però la bimba girò lo sguardo e lo vide. L'istinto di volare via era forte, ma anche la curiosità di sapere cos'era successo. "Ma tu chi sei? Come mai sei qui?" disse la bambina rivolgendo sorpresa il suo viso verso l'uccellino. "E' il cielo che ti manda vero? Il mio dolore è arrivato fin lassù..." lui non capì il senso di quel pianto. Pensò che forse era meglio andar via, seguire la sua rotta verso il caldo sud; e mentre stava per spiccare il volo la bambina le accarezzò dolcissimamente il capo. Tanta fu la dolcezza di quel gesto che ne rimase estasiato. Sentiva il calore delle dita scaldargli le piume e scendere giù fino al cuore. "Cos'è questa sensazione di benessere che sto provando...?" pensò smarrito "solo il caldo sole mi ha riscaldato fin'ora, ma non fino al cuore" e rimase immobile come un albero. La bambina non piangeva più, il primo bagliore di sorriso illuminava il suo viso. "Sai...in quella gabbia c'era un uccellino proprio come te" disse rivolgendosi a lui "gli volevo un gran bene, mi faceva compagnia con il suo svolazzare di trespolo in trespolo. Lo accudivo amorevolmente e lui mi ripagava con il suo soave canto. Lo avevo raccolto ferito ad un'ala" proseguì il racconto "quando fu guarito lo misi sopra al davanzale, proprio dove sei tu ora, gli dissi di tornare nel suo cielo blu a volare con i suoi fratelli verso la sua libertà...ma lui non se ne andò, non volò via" e mentre raccontava, una lacrima rigò ancora il suo viso. L'uccellino capì il perché... scelse liberamente l'amore per lei. La gabbia non era una prigione ma una scelta di libertà. La libertà d'amare. E così fece anche lui, svolazzando di trespolo in trespolo, ripagando l'amore di quella bambina con il suo soave canto...
Answer to Mrs Krapko
www.napoli.com
Mrs Krapko
No I am not very close to the author as you think, That entry was about an homonym' of whom I found mention on the Internet and he made me know thorough a friend from Italian chat that he did not like it so I removed it. i do not speak to you much first because I do not want to intrude and second place you are intimidating since you write so beautifully.
Take care
lunedì 29 dicembre 2008
Domanda all'autore Il traduttore sei tu?
Catalogo
Douglas R. Hofstadter
Gödel, Escher, Bach: un’Eterna Ghirlanda Brillante
gli Adelphi
traduzione di Giuseppe Longo, Giuseppe Trautteur, Barbara Veit, Settimo Termini, Bruno Garofaloa cura di Giuseppe Trautteur {Field(#Introduzione)}
{Field(#Adattamento)}
{Field(#Illustrazioni)} -->1984 , 12ª ediz. , pp. XXVII-852 euro 19,00 {Field(#Sinossi)} -->
Arte, Matematica, Scienze cognitive, Musica, Giochi
acquista su
vota questo libro
iBS Italia Liber On Web
numero votanti: 250risvolto
Il libro che ha svelato a una immensa quantità di lettori, in tutto il mondo, gli incanti e le trappole di un’Eterna Ghirlanda Brillante i cui fili si chiamano intelligenza artificiale, macchina di Turing, teorema di Gödel. Una «fuga metaforica» nel variegato mondo che si dispiega fra la mente, il cervello e i computer.«Ogni due o tre decenni un autore ignoto produce un libro di tale profondità, chiarezza, vastità, acume, bellezza e originalità che subito esso viene riconosciuto come un avvenimento di prima importanza: Gödel, Escher, Bach è un’opera di tal genere… La struttura di questo libro è satura di complicato contrappunto non meno di una composizione di Bach o dell’Ulisse di Joyce» (Martin Gardner, «Scientific American»).
Berlusconi e Putin
www.napoli.comCuriosità sulla dinastia Putin: il presidente russo ha origini italiane? Ecco quanto emerge da una ricerca in merito alle origini di Vladimir Putin:
Pare che un architetto, un certo Jurkovic Putin, vissuto intorno alla seconda metà del 1500, probabilmente in provincia di Vicenza, sia l'anello che collega tutti i Putin che abitano in Veneto. Non si hanno notizie certe sulla paternità di questo architetto, ma pare fosse figlio di una tribù nomade, proveniente dal nord; o dall'est, (visto il cognome), che si insediò in quella che è oggi Villaverla.
Nel 1584, a trent'anni, l'architetto Putin progetta il teatro olimpico di Vicenza, (quest'opera è purtruppo andata distrutta durante bombardamenti nel corso della 1° guerra mondiale), inventando le suggestive soluzioni prospettiche dell'apparato scenico. Progettò inoltre il Teatro di Sabbioneta (tra il 1589-1591), voluto da Federico Malin, lavorò anche al progetto delle tre porte d'accesso della cinta fortificata). Inoltre, durante un viaggio nel Nord Europa, avvenuto nei primi anni del Seicento, Jurkovic Putin disegnò i progetti per la riedificazione del Duomo di Salisburgo (1606-1607). Sulla base di questi rinvenimenti storici si può ragionevolmente credere che l'attuale presidente russo possa anche avere qualche goccia di sangue italiano.
Un Artista Famoso Italiano: Giorgio De Chirico
La Soprintendenza alla Galleria nazionale d'arte moderna e contemporanea e la Fondazione Giorgio e Isa de Chirico presentano una mostra dal titolo de Chirico e il Museo, a trent'anni dalla scomparsa del maestro (Volos, 10 luglio 1888 - Roma, 20 novembre 1978).
Comunicato stampa
Abbiamo capito tutto
L'Inglese e' innammorata di Truman, Karina e' innammorata di se stessa, Ciripin e' innammorata del silenzio, Gallotrn e' innammorato dei fantssmi, Xpensierieparole e' innammorata di tutti gli uomini dai 40 anni in giu', Gabriele e' innammorato di Mussolini e Piccoletta odia tutti.
Perso
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MI SONO PERSO
Mi sono persotra le fiamme del tuo ventre,risucchiato da un vortice di desiderio,il mio ardore s’è fatto strada in teed al culmine dell’esplosione dei sensisi è sciolto tra le mie ditail ghiaccio che luccicava nella tua anima.
LA STORIA CONTINUA CON NY ANEMICO IN PRIMA FILA
www.napoli.comGallotrn: SIIIIIcaronte99: SARRA TE SUCCAcaronte99: SENZA DENTIcaronte99: SMAMMAusignoloBLUE: una settimanacaronte99: CHE HAI IL FIATO PUZZOLENTE MIA PPANNI IL MONITORSarracino58: ppanniSarracino58: lolcaronte99: CAZZO CHE ALITO MALEGallotrn: OK ALLORA NON AI ANCORA CAPITO CHE QUI TUTTE GENTE OFFENDE SE NO NON SI SENTE UOMO?OnlineHost: Enrico BK has entered the room.caronte99: PUZZI A COME UN MORTOEnrico BK: ciao a tutticaronte99: SOTTO SALEusignoloBLUE: dici sul serio?Gallotrn: TANTA*Mididda: caronte i drogati non riescono a stare in una chat fermi, gli ubriachi si con il gallone accantoGallotrn: SI USIGNOLO CREDIMISarracino58: lolCuoreGentile: enrico buona seraMarutequi: CALLO DROGATOGallotrn: SERA SIGNOR MIDIDAEnrico BK: cuore ciaoOnlineHost: SARAsvegliati77 has entered the room.Gallotrn: SERA ENRICOusignoloBLUE: mah....Sarracino58: mididda questo e gia ubriaco nno riesce nemmeno a scrivereMarutequi: sto gallo la moglie lo chiamava ............MERDAEnrico BK: gallo ciaoSarracino58: sta mappinacaronte99: MIDIDDA TE CERCA DI FARTI RILASSARE DA QUEL NERO CHE TI INCULA ALAL CASA MANDAMENTALE CHE ABITI ADESSO SCEMO VECCHIO BACUCCOGallotrn: NON CREDO CHE SIA UN MAH USIGNOLO Sarracino58: ciao enricocaronte99: LECCA PALLEcaronte99: E LECAC CULOEnrico BK: sarracino ciaoSarracino58: lecacGallotrn: CREDO CA SONGH STRUNZ SENZA MHASarracino58: lolcaronte99: SERA ENRIKOusignoloBLUE: ho scritto mah. per essere gentileOnlineHost: Bercola has left the room.Marutequi: GALLO RACCONTACI COME MAI IL PRIMO ANNO TUO FIGLIO NON TE LO FACEVANO VEDEREMididda: don gallo baciamo le mani ca u lulu ce lo facciamo liccare da caronteEnrico BK: caronte vaffanculoGallotrn: LO SO USIGNOLOSARAsvegliati77: buona sera a tuttiMididda: culuSarracino58: enrico lolcaronte99: VEDI ENRIKO DI SERA UN BUON GIORNO SI SPERA LOLOnlineHost: Ciripiripin has entered the room.Gallotrn: SERA SARALASVEGLIONAAAAAAAAAAAAAASarracino58: caronte si tutto scemocaronte99: ENRIKO MALEDUCATO CHIAMO TUA MOGLIESARAsvegliati77: uee gallluciousignoloBLUE: enrico ciaocaronte99: LE FACCIO LEGEGRE QUESTOMarutequi: ecco il coglione di enriko questo fa l'autista poveraccio..........................questo sicuro fa la fameGallotrn: LO SO USIGNOLO TU SEI SEMPRE GENTILECiripiripin: Ciao bella gente!OnlineHost: SARAsvegliati77 has left the room.Marutequi: ciri madre merdaMarutequi: sei arrivataEnrico BK: ciri ciao caronte se non ti conoscevo ti avrei salutato ma gia so chi sei percio crepaCiripiripin: Drop dead MARUTCuoreGentile: ciao ciripinSarracino58: lolMarutequi: ciri Madre merdaCiripiripin: BK, alocaronte99: SARRA TU VAI A CERCARE ELEMOSINNA ALTROVE CHE IO TE HO GIA DATO 5 MINUTI DI FAMA ADESSO VAI FARTI FOTTEREA NAPOLI Marutequi: sei na schifezza come donna CiriCiripiripin: CUORE ciaoOnlineHost: SUPREMA CORTE has left the room.caronte99: ENRIKO CHIAMO TUA MOGLIEMarutequi: hahahah varonte sureOnlineHost: Vtutolo has entered the room.OnlineHost: Anima55 has left the room.Enrico BK: cazzonte chiamalacaronte99: ELE DICO CHE VIENI AL CHAT PER FARTI DONZELLEMididda: buonasera a lei signora ciricaronte99: LA CHIAMOcaronte99: CIRI CA VA?Enrico BK: cazzonte dicci quando la chiami che cerco tua sorellaCiripiripin: MIDI grazie, ricambiocaronte99: VEDI BKCiripiripin: tres bien CARONTEcaronte99: IO CHIAMO TUA MOGLIE ETU SMAMMINYAMICO5: SCOMMETTO CHE QUI NESSUNO E' ANDATO IN CHIESA A CONFESSARE I SUOI PECCATIcaronte99: VIA VIAcaronte99: AMICO NEMMENO TE SPEROcaronte99: SIAMO TUTTI PECCATORI
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